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Mandarin Chinese

poo-TOHNG-hwah
Also Known As Putonghua
Sino-Tibetan Languages

Mandarin is the largest Sinitic language by number of speakers and the basis of Standard Chinese, the official language of mainland China and Taiwan. It is a tonal, largely isolating language written with Chinese characters, a logographic script it shares with the other Sinitic languages despite their being mutually unintelligible in speech, a case where the writing system unifies what the spoken language does not. Its status as a single language rather than a family of related languages, alongside Cantonese, Wu, Min and the rest, is itself a matter of political convention as much as linguistic classification; by ordinary mutual-intelligibility tests several of the so-called Chinese dialects would count as separate languages.

Facts
ISO 639-3 Code
cmn 3
Speaker Count
941,000,000 3
Status
Living 3
Attested From (Year)
from 1955 4
Year the People's Republic of China formally began promoting Putonghua as the standardized national language, distinct in date from the much older Chinese language generally.
Region
Official or standard language of mainland China, Taiwan, Singapore, and Malaysia; one of six official languages of the United Nations 4
Classification
Language Kind
Safe 1
Official Status
Official Language 2
Connections

Ancestor Of

Beijing Mandarin is one of the geographic subgroups of Mandarin Chinese.

Source Wikipedia: Mandarin Chinese
Source Wikipedia: Jianghuai Mandarin
Source Wikipedia: Northeastern Mandarin

Southwestern Mandarin is one of the geographic subgroups of Mandarin Chinese.

Source Wikipedia: Mandarin Chinese
Source Wikipedia: Taiwanese Mandarin

In Family

Source Glottolog

Written In

Bopomofo, Scripts
Source Wikipedia: Bopomofo
Han Script, Scripts
Source Omniglot: The Online Encyclopedia of Writing Systems and Languages
In the Other Atlases

Cases Where Used

Also in Divinity Atlas: used in this subject.

Also in History Atlas: used in this subject.

Also in Society and Culture Atlas: used in this subject.

Source Encyclopedia.com (Encyclopedia of World Cultures): HanLanguage section
Quote, Language section
The majority of Chinese speakers, including most inhabitants of the Yellow River drainage and parts of the Yangzi drainage as well as southwestern China, speak one of the dialects collectively known as Mandarin.

Also in Society and Culture Atlas: used in this subject.

Original Language Of

Also in Film and Media Atlas: a work originally in this language.

Also in Film and Media Atlas: a work originally in this language.

Also in Film and Media Atlas: a work originally in this language.

Also in Film and Media Atlas: a work originally in this language.

Also in Film and Media Atlas: a work originally in this language.

Also in Film and Media Atlas: a work originally in this language.

Also in Film and Media Atlas: a work originally in this language.

Found In

Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.

Sources
1. Glottolog: Mandarin Chinese (Glottolog languoid mand1415)
GlottologEndangerment, AES status
Quote, Endangerment, AES status
AES status: not endangered
View the Source
2. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language
David Crystal (editor), Cambridge University Press, 2010Official status, Mandarin Chinese entity page
Quote, Official status, Mandarin Chinese entity page
Mandarin is the largest Sinitic language by number of speakers and the basis of Standard Chinese, the official language of mainland China and Taiwan.
3. Ethnologue: Languages of the World
SIL International, 2024View the Source
4. Wikipedia: Standard Chinese
Wikipedia
Quote
in 1955 officially began using Putonghua
View the Source
Wikipedia: Mandarin Chinese
Wikipedia
  • infobox
    North China Plain
  • Ancestor Of: Beijing Mandarin, Classification > Subgroups section
    Beijing Mandarin (27 million), spoken in Beijing and environs such as Chengde and northern Hebei.
  • Ancestor Of: Southwestern Mandarin, Classification > Subgroups section
    Southwestern Mandarin (260 million), spoken in the provinces of Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and the Mandarin-speaking areas of Hunan, Guangxi and southern Shaanxi.
View the Source
Glottolog
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyIn Family: Sino-TibetanView the Source
Omniglot: The Online Encyclopedia of Writing Systems and Languages
Written In: Han ScriptView the Source
Wikipedia: Bopomofo
Written In: BopomofoView the Source
Wikipedia: Northeastern Mandarin
Wikimedia FoundationAncestor Of: Northeastern Mandarin, Lead sentence
Quote, Ancestor Of: Northeastern Mandarin, Lead sentence
話; Dōngběiguānhuà; 'Northeast Mandarin') is the subgroup of Mandarin Chinese spoken in Northeast China
View the Source
Wikipedia: Jianghuai Mandarin
Wikimedia FoundationAncestor Of: Jianghuai Mandarin, Lead
Quote, Ancestor Of: Jianghuai Mandarin, Lead
is one of the most divergent and least mutually-intelligible of the Mandarin language varieties
View the Source
Wikipedia: Taiwanese Mandarin
Wikimedia FoundationAncestor Of: Taiwanese Mandarin, Lead
Quote, Ancestor Of: Taiwanese Mandarin, Lead
is the variety of Standard Chinese spoken in Taiwan
View the Source
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