Hindi is an Indo-Aryan language, one of the two official languages of the government of India, standardized from the Khariboli dialect of the Delhi region and written in the Devanagari script. Spoken Hindi and spoken Urdu, the national language of Pakistan, are close to mutually intelligible at the everyday conversational level, differing mainly in their formal and literary registers, where Hindi draws vocabulary from Sanskrit and Urdu from Persian and Arabic, and in script, Devanagari against the Perso-Arabic alphabet; whether Hindi and Urdu are one spoken language with two literary standards or two languages is a genuinely debated classification rather than a settled one.
Facts
ISO 639-3 Code Speaker CountFigure is for first-language speakers of Hindi as Ethnologue counts it; Hindi and Urdu speakers combined, or Hindi second-language speakers included, both produce substantially larger and frequently cited totals. Classification
Official Status Connections
Ancestor Of
Awadhi is named in Hindi's own article as one of the varieties of Hindi.
Source Wikipedia: Hindi
Braj Bhasha is named in Hindi's own article as one of the varieties of Hindi.
Source Wikipedia: Hindi
Haryanvi is part of the Western Hindi dialect group per its own article.
Source Wikipedia: Haryanvi Language
Associated With
This source names Arabic directly: "Sanskrit and Urdu from Persian and Arabic, and in script, Devanagari against the Perso-Arabic alphabet; whether Hindi and Urdu are one spoken language with two literary standards or two languages is..."
Source The Cambridge Encyclopedia of LanguageDavid Crystal (editor)
Studied code-switching and social meaning in bilingual Hindi-Punjabi speech communities in Delhi as part of his foundational work in interactional sociolinguistics.
Rajasthani's own article treats it as a distinct Western Indo-Aryan language cluster; its link to Hindi is an administrative census conflation, not a linguistic descent claim, so associated-with is used here rather than descends-from.
Source Wikipedia: Rajasthani Languages
This source names Sanskrit directly: "where Hindi draws vocabulary from Sanskrit and Urdu from Persian and Arabic, and in script, Devanagari against the Perso-Arabic alphabet; whether Hindi and Urdu are one spoken language with two..."
Source The Cambridge Encyclopedia of LanguageDavid Crystal (editor)
In Family
Written In
Source Omniglot: The Online Encyclopedia of Writing Systems and Languages
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Sources
1. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language
David Crystal (editor), Cambridge University Press, 2010Official status, Hindi entity pageQuote, Official status, Hindi entity page
Hindi is an Indo-Aryan language, one of the two official languages of the government of India, standardized from the Khariboli dialect of the Delhi region and written in the Devanagari script.
2. Ethnologue: Languages of the World
3. Wikipedia: Hindi
Wikipediainfobox
Native to India
Quote
[ˈɦɪndiː]
Ancestor Of: Awadhi, Literature section
It was primarily written in other varieties of Hindi, particularly Avadhi and Braj Bhasha, but to a degree also in Dehlavi, the basis for Standard Hindi.
Ancestor Of: Braj Bhasha, Literature section
It was primarily written in other varieties of Hindi, particularly Avadhi and Braj Bhasha, but to a degree also in Dehlavi, the basis for Standard Hindi.
View the Source Glottolog
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyIn Family: Indo-EuropeanView the Source Omniglot: The Online Encyclopedia of Writing Systems and Languages
Wikipedia: Haryanvi Language
Wikimedia FoundationAncestor Of: Haryanvi, Opening paragraphQuote, Ancestor Of: Haryanvi, Opening paragraph
Haryanvi is considered to be part of the dialect group of Western Hindi, which also includes Khariboli and Braj.
Wikipedia: Rajasthani Languages
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Rajasthani, Classification sectionQuote, Associated With: Rajasthani, Classification section
However, they are controversially conflated with the Hindi languages of the Central-Zone in the Indian national census.
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