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Mandarin Chinese

poo-TOHNG-hwah
Also Known As Putonghua
Sino-Tibetan Languages

Mandarin is the largest Sinitic language by number of speakers and the basis of Standard Chinese, the official language of mainland China and Taiwan. It is a tonal, largely isolating language written with Chinese characters, a logographic script it shares with the other Sinitic languages despite their being mutually unintelligible in speech, a case where the writing system unifies what the spoken language does not. Its status as a single language rather than a family of related languages, alongside Cantonese, Wu, Min and the rest, is itself a matter of political convention as much as linguistic classification; by ordinary mutual-intelligibility tests several of the so-called Chinese dialects would count as separate languages.

Facts
ISO 639-3 Code
cmn 2
Speaker Count
941,000,000 2
Status
Living 2
Attested From (Year)
from 1955 3
Year the People's Republic of China formally began promoting Putonghua as the standardized national language, distinct in date from the much older Chinese language generally.
Region
Official or standard language of mainland China, Taiwan, Singapore, and Malaysia; one of six official languages of the United Nations 3
Classification
Official Status
Official Language 1
Mandarin Chinese
Filter Results2 entries
Connections

Ancestor Of

Beijing Mandarin is one of the geographic subgroups of Mandarin Chinese.

Source Wikipedia: Mandarin Chinese

Southwestern Mandarin is one of the geographic subgroups of Mandarin Chinese.

Source Wikipedia: Mandarin Chinese

In Family

Source Glottolog

Written In

Bopomofo, Scripts
Source Wikipedia: Bopomofo
Han Script, Scripts
Source Omniglot: The Online Encyclopedia of Writing Systems and Languages
Sources
1. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language
David Crystal (editor), Cambridge University Press, 2010Official status, Mandarin Chinese entity page
Quote, Official status, Mandarin Chinese entity page
Mandarin is the largest Sinitic language by number of speakers and the basis of Standard Chinese, the official language of mainland China and Taiwan.
2. Ethnologue: Languages of the World
SIL International, 2024View the Source
3. Wikipedia: Standard Chinese
Wikipedia
Quote
in 1955 officially began using Putonghua
View the Source
Wikipedia: Mandarin Chinese
Wikipedia
  • infobox
    North China Plain
  • Ancestor Of: Beijing Mandarin, Classification > Subgroups section
    Beijing Mandarin (27 million), spoken in Beijing and environs such as Chengde and northern Hebei.
  • Ancestor Of: Southwestern Mandarin, Classification > Subgroups section
    Southwestern Mandarin (260 million), spoken in the provinces of Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and the Mandarin-speaking areas of Hunan, Guangxi and southern Shaanxi.
View the Source
Glottolog
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyIn Family: Sino-TibetanView the Source
Omniglot: The Online Encyclopedia of Writing Systems and Languages
Written In: Han ScriptView the Source
Wikipedia: Bopomofo
Written In: BopomofoView the Source
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