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Aramaic Alphabet

air-uh-MAY-ik
Also Known As Imperial Aramaic Script

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An abjad adapted from the Phoenician alphabet, rising to prominence as the administrative script of the Neo-Assyrian and Achaemenid Persian empires after Assyria's conquest of the Aramaean states in the ninth and eighth centuries BCE. Its own oldest known inscription dates to around 850 BCE. The Aramaic alphabet is the direct parent of several later scripts, most importantly the Hebrew square script, and also of Nabataean, Syriac, Palmyrene and Mandaic; Nabataean in turn gave rise to the Arabic script. Jewish scribes adopted Aramaic script for writing Hebrew itself in the centuries after the Babylonian exile, gradually replacing the older Paleo-Hebrew script; the sages later called the result Ashurit, "Assyrian script," in recognition of its Mesopotamian origin.

Facts
Disputed
In Use Since (Year)
from 800 BCE 1
Omniglot dates the script's adaptation from Phoenician to around 800 BCE, with its oldest known inscription circa 850 BCE; Encyclopaedia Britannica's account places its emergence somewhat earlier, in the tenth to ninth centuries BCE, rising to prominence after Assyria's eighth century BCE conquests.
Script Type
Abjad 1
Directionality
Right to left 1
Cross-Tradition Connections

Ancestor Of

Corrected from a direct Phoenician link once the intermediate Aramaic alphabet stage was minted: the Hebrew square script descends directly from the Aramaic alphabet, adopted by Jewish scribes after the Babylonian exile and gradually replacing the older Paleo-Hebrew script; Phoenician remains its more distant ancestor through Aramaic.

Old Uyghur Alphabet, Scripts

Why this is disputed. The direct intermediate is the Sogdian script, cursive Aramaic-derived and not yet a live entity here (entity request filed alongside this batch); this edge records the real but indirect Aramaic ancestry until Sogdian is minted.

By way of the Palmyrene alphabet, an intermediate Aramaic-derived form.

Associated With

Hebrew, Languages

This source names Hebrew directly: "later scripts, most importantly the Hebrew square script, and also of Nabataean, Syriac, Palmyrene and Mandaic; Nabataean in turn gave rise to the Arabic script."

Descends From

Sources
1. Omniglot: The Online Encyclopedia of Writing Systems and Languages
Aramaic alphabetView the Source
1. Omniglot: The Online Encyclopedia of Writing Systems and Languages
Ancestor Of: Hebrew Square Script, Hebrew alphabetView the Source
Wikipedia: Syriac Alphabet
Ancestor Of: Syriac Alphabet, Lead section
Quote, Ancestor Of: Syriac Alphabet, Lead section
descending from the Aramaic alphabet through the Palmyrene alphabet
View the Source
Wikipedia: Old Uyghur Alphabet
WikipediaAncestor Of: Old Uyghur Alphabet, History section
Quote, Ancestor Of: Old Uyghur Alphabet, History section
A cursive form of the Sogdian script that developed in the late 7th or early 8th century was subsequently adapted for Turkic languages
View the Source
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