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Younger Futhark

FOO-thahrk
Alphabets
Origin from 800

Younger Futhark is a reduced runic alphabet of sixteen characters, descended from the twenty-four-character Elder Futhark, used to write Old Norse across Scandinavia and Viking Age settlements abroad from about the ninth century until Scandinavia's adoption of the Latin alphabet in the twelfth century.

Facts
Classification
Script Status
Extinct 1
Classified 'extinct' per this entity's own cited source and standard scholarly consensus on the script's current use; checked 2026-09-27.
Script Type
Alphabet 1
In Use Since (Year)
from 800 1
Circa; the futhark emerged from a seventh- to eighth-century transitional period and was in regular use by about the ninth century.
Connections

Descends From

Source Wikipedia: Younger Futhark

Is Of Script Type

Alphabet, Scripts

Entity-backed identity for the script type value this script already carries as an enum fact, resolved to a script entity by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The enum fact itself stays on the entity unchanged.

Script Of

Old Norse, Languages

Sharpens the prior associated/debated-stance edge from Runic Alphabet (Elder Futhark) to Old Norse now that this more precise entity exists (EntityRequest 454).

Source Wikipedia: Younger Futhark
Sources
1. Wikipedia: Younger Futhark
Wikipedia
Quote
in use from about the 9th century, after a 'transitional period' during the 7th and 8th centuries
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