Utian, also called Miwok-Costanoan, Miwok-Ohlone or formerly Mutsun, is a family of about 10 indigenous languages historically spoken across Northern California, split into the Miwok languages and the Ohlone, or Costanoan, languages. The family is possibly part of a larger Yok-Utian grouping and has traditionally been placed within the Penutian phylum. All Utian languages are extinct or severely endangered, though languages such as Central and Southern Sierra Miwok have active revitalization programs.
Facts
RegionNorthern California, United States. 1 Proto-Language StatusComponent proto-languages, including Proto-Miwok and Proto-Costanoan, and an ancestral Proto-Utian linking them, have been reconstructed as part of the Yok-Utian comparative program, most extensively by Catherine Callaghan. 2 Sources
1. Wikipedia: Utian Languages
Wikimedia FoundationLead section, first sentenceQuote, Lead section, first sentence
is a family of Indigenous languages spoken in Northern California, United States.
2. Wikipedia: Yok-Utian Languages
Wikimedia FoundationLead section (Yok-Utian article)Quote, Lead section (Yok-Utian article)
Catherine Callaghan, who has argued for the family's existence on the basis of lexical, morphological, and phonological similarities between the reconstructed proto-languages
Wikidata: Utian
Wikidata Q13371763, class allow-list match (w-wdresolver-0926)View the Source Reader Challenges (0)
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