Russian is an East Slavic language and the most widely spoken Slavic language, serving as the primary language of Russia and a widely used second language across much of the former Soviet Union. It is written in a Cyrillic alphabet distinct in some letterforms from Bulgarian, reflecting reforms carried out under Peter the Great and again after the 1917 revolution.
Facts
ISO 639-3 Code Speaker CountFigure is for first-language speakers. Ethnologues total figure including second-language speakers across the former Soviet Union runs well over 250 million; sources differ on how many former-Soviet second-language speakers to count as fluent. Attested From (Year) RegionRussia and the wider Russian-speaking world: former Soviet republics, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia; diaspora communities in North America and Israel 2 Classification
Language Kind Official Status Connections
Ancestor Of
Source Wikipedia: Central Russian Dialects
The Northern Russian dialect group is one of the two principal geographic dialect divisions of Russian.
Source Wikipedia: Russian Dialects
The Southern Russian dialect group is one of the two principal geographic dialect divisions of Russian.
Source Wikipedia: Russian Dialects
Associated With
This source names Bulgarian directly: "distinct in some letterforms from Bulgarian, reflecting reforms carried out under Peter the Great and again after the 1917 revolution."
Source The Cambridge Encyclopedia of LanguageDavid Crystal (editor)
Source Fundamentals of LanguageRoman Jakobson And Morris Halle
In Family
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica
Source The Cambridge Encyclopedia of LanguageDavid Crystal (editor)
Written In
Source Omniglot: The Online Encyclopedia of Writing Systems and Languages
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Source Treaty of Turkmenchay, WikipediaLead paragraph of the cited Wikipedia articleQuote, Lead paragraph of the cited Wikipedia article
It was second of the series of treaties (the first was the 1813 Treaty of Gulistan and the last, the 1881 Treaty of Akhal) signed between Qajar Iran and Imperial Russia that forced Iran to cede or recognize Russian influence over the territories that formerly were part of Iran.
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Sources
1. Glottolog: Russian (Glottolog languoid russ1263)
GlottologEndangerment, AES statusQuote, Endangerment, AES status
AES status: not endangered
2. Wikipedia: Russian Language
Wikipediainfobox
русский (russkiy)
lead section
the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia
Pronunciation
[ˈruskʲɪj jɪˈzɨk]
Official status, Russian entity page
It has remained an official language of Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan, has constitutional status as the language of inter-ethnic communication in Tajikistan, and is still used as a lingua franca in Ukraine, Moldova, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and to a lesser extent in the Baltic states and Israel.
View the Source 3. Ethnologue: Languages of the World
4. Omniglot: Russian language, alphabet and pronunciation
OmniglotLanguage at a glanceQuote, Language at a glance
First written : 10th century AD
The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language
David Crystal (editor), Cambridge University Press, 2010
Omniglot: The Online Encyclopedia of Writing Systems and Languages
Fundamentals of Language
Roman Jakobson And Morris Halle, 1956Associated With: Roman Jakobson
Encyclopaedia Britannica
Wikipedia: Russian Dialects
Wikimedia FoundationAncestor Of: Southern Russian dialect, Article text
Southern, in the western and southern parts of European Russia; this has various types of vowel reduction and fricative /ɣ/; this group makes up a dialect continuum with Belarusian, although it differs significantly from the Ukrainian dialects to the further south, sharing only a few isoglosses (namely the fricative pronunciation of Proto-Slavic *g).
Ancestor Of: Northern Russian dialect, Article text
Depending on the presence or the absence of vowel reduction (akanye and/or ikanye) and the pronunciation of Proto-Slavic *g, Russian is divided into two main dialectical divisions and the intermediate one: Northern, in the northern and north-eastern parts of European Russia, from Veliky Novgorod to the Perm and northern Ural regions; this has no or little vowel reduction in unstressed positions and stop /ɡ/.
View the Source Wikipedia: Central Russian Dialects
Wikimedia FoundationAncestor Of: Central Russian Dialects, Lead sentenceQuote, Ancestor Of: Central Russian Dialects, Lead sentence
Russian: Среднерусские говоры) is one of the main groups of Russian dialects.
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