Malibu

The Malibu languages are a poorly attested group of extinct languages once spoken along the Magdalena River in Colombia's Department of Magdalena. Linguistic material survives only for two of them, Malibu proper, spoken from Tamalameque to Tenerife, and Mocana, spoken east of Cartagena by the Mocana people; a third named language, Pacabuey, near the Zapatoza lagoon, is unattested. The linguist Paul Rivet identified these three, and Cestmir Loukotka listed six further unattested names: Papale, Coanoa, Zamirua, Cospique, Mompox and Calamari. The family has sometimes been grouped with the Chimila language within Chibchan, but Willem Adelaar and Pieter Muysken reject that connection as without any factual basis, and the Malibu languages remain formally unclassified.